Trehalose solution was a better treatment for moderate-to-severe dry eye syndrome in comparison with two commercially available eyedrops containing hyaluronan or hydroxyethylcellulose.

Trehalose solution was an effective and safe eyedrop for the treatment of moderate to severe dry eye syndrome in this group of patients.

However, partial regression of this improvement was detected after two 120-day periods of washout. This suggests that the beneficial effects observed are in part treatment-dependent. The extension of citicoline treatment up to a period of 8 years lead to the stabilization or improvement of the glaucomatous visual dysfunction. These results suggest potential neuroprotective effects of citicoline in the glaucomatous disease.

It is concluded that forskolin reduces IOP in healthy volunteers, and that oxybuprocaine reduces IOP in its own right.

The higher concentrations decreased the intraocular pressure to the same extent as the lowest concentration but the effect lasted longer: 4 hours after instillation of the 0.3% suspension, 5 hours after instillation of the 0.6% suspension and 7 hours after the 1.0% suspension. The suspensions were well tolerated. Subjective sensations like burning, itching and augmentated lacrimation were observed only in a minor amount and for a short period of time.

GBE administration appears to have desirable effect on ocular blood flow in NTG patients.

Ginkgo biloba extract administration appears to improve preexisting visual field damage in some patients with NTG.

Ginkgo biloba extract did not alter arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or IOP. Ginkgo biloba extract significantly increased EDV in the OA and deserves further investigation in ocular blood flow and neuroprotection for possible application to the treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy as well as other ischemic ocular diseases.

The results of this study indicate that a single administration of Ginkgo biloba does not influence ocular blood flow to a relevant degree. Whether the drug may influence ocular blood flow in patients with ocular vascular disease after longterm treatment remains to be investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

The results suggest that Ginkgo biloba extract may exert therapeutic activity in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Hyaluronic acid did not exert any valuable effect on this pathology.

We studied the effect of orally administered melatonin on intraocular pressure in humans. We suppressed serum melatonin levels by exposing our subjects to bright light. Our experiments suggest that melatonin lowers intraocular pressure in man. This may prove to be a therapeutically useful agent since melatonin appears to be relatively free of side effects and is effective in small quantities.

RCE supplementation exerted a subject improvement of scalp hair and skin status as well as libido, mood, sleep, and tiredness in postmenopausal women.

The present results indicate that the functional effect of Saffron supplementation in individual AMD patients is not related to the major risk genotypes of disease.

The results indicate that short-term saffron supplementation improves retinal flicker sensitivity in early AMD. Although the results must be further replicated and the clinical significance is yet to be evaluated, they provide important clues that nutritional carotenoids may affect AMD in novel and unexpected ways, possibly beyond their antioxidant properties. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00951288.).

In conclusion, SB oil attenuated the increase in tear film osmolarity during the cold season and positively affected the dry eye symptoms.